Process, Materials, and Measurements

Design Documentation 183

LAYOUT

An orthographic drawing shows an image of an object from several views on one

page. Each view (surface) is drawn as it would appear looking straight at it, with no

perspective or other distortion to the image. The primar y view for the object is gener-

ally referred to as the front view. All other views are located horizontally or vertically

in line with the front view. Each adjacent view shows what the object would look like

as you rotate it

90 degrees.

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A standard orthographic layout contains a horizontal and vertical axis with the primary (front)

view at the intersection. Side and back views are located along the horizontal axis, while the

top and bottom views are located on the vertical axis. A common European practice has been

to use another layout called first surface projecting. This reverses the position of the left and

right views as well as the top and bottom views in relation to the front view.

PROJECT: Or thographic Drawing

SCALE: Full

TITLE: MP3 Speaker

DWG BY: DXP DATE: 24May2005

WITNESS: SHEET NUMBER: 1 of 1

Top

Bottom

Left Side Front Right Side Back

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184 PROCESS, MATERIALS, AND MEASUREMENTS

One way to think about the orientation of the views on an ANSI-compliant orthographic drawing

is to consider the object as a box that has been opened up and unfolded.

Line Weights and Styles

Orthographic drawings use a variety of line weights and styles. Styles are used to

signify what the line is describing, while line weight is used to help describe each

style and illustrate differences with the solid line.

inch mm

.002 .05

.005 .13

.010 .25

.016 .41

.020 .51

.032 .81

.040 1.02

.050 1.27

Very Light

Light

Medium

Bold

Line weights are measured in simple, subjective terms when drawn by hand: very light, light,

medium, and bold. With the use of computers, line weights are now measured in many thick-

nesses, usually in a dimensional scale:

.05–1.27 mm or .002–.050"

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Job on:93996 CTP Title : RP_Process Material Measurements Client : Pro_Vision

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175 Size : 146.05(w) 209.55(h)mm _M2_Mac D

Dept : DTP D/O : 16.12.05 (Job on:000000 D/O : 00.00.01 Co: CM0)

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Design Documentation 185

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Various line types are used to convey different kinds of information in a control drawing. Solid

lines can be used for many purposes depending on the weight, including construction, object,

dimensions, borders, and notes. Other types have dedicated purposes and are commonly used

in single line weights.

Type

Construction / Hand Drawn

Construction / Digital

Solid

Hidden Object

Center

Phantom

Dash

Typical Drafting Palette

Construction / Hand Drawn

Construction / Digital

Object Line – Secondary / Visible

Object Line – Primary / Outline

Hidden Object Line

Center

Phantom

Dimension

Dash

The combination of line type and weight make up the style. This chart depicts a typical palette

of line styles used in a design control drawing.

Style

Solid – Very Light

Dotted – Light

Solid – Light

Solid – Medium

Solid – Light

Center – Medium/Bold

Phantom – Light

Solid – Light

Dash – Medium

Solid – Bold

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Job on:93996 CTP Title : RP_Process Material Measurements Client : Pro_Vision

Scn :

#

175 Size : 146.05(w) 209.55(h)mm _M2_Mac D

Dept : DTP D/O : 16.12.05 (Job on: 93996.C1 D/O : 23.12.05_M2)

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