November 2016
Intermediate to advanced
756 pages
32h 9m
English
Each time a plant is put into or taken out of service a stress cycle occurs. If repeated often enough, a failure could occur due to fatigue stress.
The layout of piping which will be subjected to significant temperature changes is frequently modified after flexibility analysis has revealed excessive stresses which could cause loss of containment and unacceptable risk of hazard.
A piping layout should provide adequately for expansion and contraction due to temperature changes, without placing excessive stresses on piping materials, or excess forces and moments on equipment or anchors.
Pipe stress analysis; safety; anchors; supports; flexibility; hazard; expansion; contraction
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