Professional C# 4 and .NET 4

Chapter 53. C#, Visual Basic, C++/CLI, and F#

WHAT'S IN THIS CHAPTER?

• Namespaces

• Defining types

• Methods

• Arrays

• Control statements

• Loops

• Exception handling

• Inheritance

• Resource management

• Delegates

• Events

• Generics

• LINQ queries

• C++/CLI mixing native and managed code

C# is the programming language designed for .NET. More than 50 languages exist for writing .NET applications — for example, Eiffel, Smalltalk, COBOL, Haskell, Pizza, Pascal, Delphi, Oberon, Prolog, and Ruby. Microsoft alone delivers the languages C#, Visual Basic, C++/CLI, J#, JScript .NET, and F#.

Every language has advantages and disadvantages; some things can be done easily with one language but are complicated with another one. The classes from the .NET Framework are always the same, but the syntax of the language abstracts various features from the framework. For example, the C# using statement makes it easy to use the objects implementing the IDisposable interface. Other languages need more code for the same functionality.

The most commonly used .NET languages from Microsoft are C# and Visual Basic. C# was newly designed for .NET with ideas from C++, Java, Pascal, and other languages. Visual Basic has its roots in Visual Basic 6 and was extended with object-oriented features for .NET.

C++/CLI is an extension to C++ that is an ECMA standard (ECMA 372). The big advantage of C++/CLI is the ability to mix native code with managed code. You can extend existing native C++ applications and add .NET functionality, and you can add .NET classes ...