4Variables, Scope, and Memory
The nature of variables in JavaScript, as defined in ECMA-262, is quite unique compared to that of other languages. Being loosely typed, a variable is literally just a name for a particular value at a particular time. Because there are no rules defining the type of data that a variable must hold, a variable's value and data type can change during the lifetime of a script. Though this is an interesting, powerful, and problematic feature, there are many more complexities related to variables.
PRIMITIVE AND REFERENCE VALUES
ECMAScript variables may contain two different types of data: primitive values and reference values. Primitive values are simple atomic pieces of data, while reference values are objects that may be made up of multiple values.
When a value is assigned to a variable, the JavaScript engine must determine if it's a primitive or a reference value. The seven primitive types were discussed in the previous chapter: Undefined, Null, Boolean, Number, BigInt, String, and Symbol. These variables are said to be accessed by value, because you are manipulating the actual value stored ...
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