5 Ladder and functional block programming
Programs for microprocessor-based systems have to be loaded into them in machine code, this being a sequence of binary code numbers to represent the program instructions. However, assembly language based on the use of mnemonics can be used, e.g. LD is used to indicate the operation required to load the data that follows the LD, and a computer program called an assembler is used to translate the mnemonics into machine code. Programming can be made even easier by the use of the so-called high level languages, e.g. C, BASIC, PASCAL, FORTRAN, COBOL. These use pre-packaged functions, represented by simple words or symbols descriptive of the function concerned. For example, with C language the symbol & is ...
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