Programming and Data Structures

50 Programming and Data Structures

The following program illustrates the use of various relational operators.

3.10 Write a program to read three variables x, y and z. Use conditional statements and

evaluate values of variables a, b and c. Perform the sum with two sets of variables.

Checks the sums for equality and prints different messages.

mainO

{i n t x , y ,z ,a ,b ,c ,m ,n ;

c l r s c r () ;

p r in tf ("E n ter Values o f x , y , z m) ;

scanf ("%d %d %d*, &x,&y,&z);

a*(x> *5 ? 3 : 4) ;

printf ("\n Calculated value of a is % d ”, a);

b=(y<=8 ? 10 : 9);

printf ("\n Calculated value ofb is%d", b);

c=(z==10 ? 20 : 30);

printf ("\n Calculated value of c is%d", c);

m=x+y+z;

n=a+b+c;

printf ("\nAddition ofx,y,z is %d (m)", m);

printf (tJ\nAddition of a,b,c is %d (n)"f n);

printf ("\n%s”, tn!=n

?"m&in NOT EQUAL" ; "m & n ARE EQUAL ');

t

OUTPUT ; Enter Values of x, y, z 5 2 7

Calculated value of a is 3

Calculated value of b is 10

Calculated value of c is 30

Addition of x,y,z is 14 (m)

Addition of a,b,c is 43 (n)

m & n NOT EQUAL

Explanation In the above program three integers are entered through the keyboard (x , y and

z ). Using conditional statements values of a , b and c are obtained. Sum of x # y , and z is stored

in 'm' and sum of a , b and c is stored in ln '. The variable xm' and 'n ' are compared and

appropriate messages are displayed.

3.6 LOGICAL OPERATORS

The logical relationship between the two expressions are checked with logical operators. Using these

operators two expressions can be joined. After checking the conditions it provides logical tru e (1)

or f a ls e (0) status. The operands could be constants, variables, and expressions. The Table 3.5

decribes the three logical operators together with examples and their return values.

Operators and Expressions 51

Table 3.5 Logical Operators

Operator Description or Action Example

Return Value

&&

Logical AND

5>3 && 5<10 1

II

Logical OR 8>5 | | 8<2

1

I Logical NOT

81=8 0

From the above table following rules can be followed for logical operators.

1) The logical AND (&& ) operator provides true result when both expressions are true otherwise 0.

2) The logical OR ( | |) operator provides true result when one of the expressions is true otherwise

0.

3) The logical NOT operator ( l ) provides 0 if the condition is true otherwise 1.

3.11 Example to illustrate the use of logical operators.

# in clu de < atd io.h >

# inclu d e <conio.h>

void mainO

{

c l r s c r ( ) ;

printf ("\nCondition : Return Values\n" );

printf ("\n5>3 && 5<10 : %5dӣ>3 && 5<10);

printf ("\n 8>5 II 8<2 : %5d",8>5 I I 8<2);

printf C'\n !(8==8) : %5d",!(8==8));

}

QUJEUI;

Condition : Return Values

5>3 && 5<10 : 1

8>5 I I 8<2 : 0

!(8==8) : 0

Explanation In the above example the first condition is true i.e. 5 is greater than 3 and smaller

than 10. Hence the program returns 1. The second and third conditions are false. Hence result returned

will be 0.

3.12 Write a program to print logic 1 if input character is capital otherwise 0.

m ain()

{

char x ;

in t y t