Punctuation at Work: Simple Principles for Achieving Clarity and Good Style

197

a, or an, 191n

abbreviations

of address, period after, 138

of decade, apostrophe for, 88

and formality, 139–140

introducing, 149

parentheses to introduce, 127

period with, 136–137

plural of, 87

slash in, 156

Accordingly, comma after, 61

acronyms, parentheses to introduce, 127

address, period after abbreviations, 138

adjectives

comma to separate, 68–72, 99

comparative or superlative, 194n

compound, hyphen and, 124–125

foreign phrases as, 124

in lists, 176

order of, 70–71

ratio as, 192n

adverbs

ending in -ly, and hyphenation, 123–124

in lists, 176

see also conjunctive adverb

after, 11

again, 168

also, 168

although, 11, 13, 159

a.m., 78, 140

American Psychological Association

publication manual (APA Manual), 192n,

194n

ampersand (&), 30

an, or a, 191n

and, 13, 171

comma for, 102, 113

to connect independent clauses, 167

“and” test, for coordinate adjectives, 69

and/or, 157–158

anyway, 169

AP Stylebook, 137

see also Associated Press Stylebook

APA Manual (Publication Manual of the

American Psychological Association), 192n,

194n

apostrophe (‘), 83–88

as single quotation mark, 144

appositives, 110

as, 13, 195n

to connect independent clauses, 167

Associated Press Stylebook, 195–196n

see also AP Stylebook

attribution, for quote of entire sentence, 147

Barthelme, Donald, 5

because, 11, 13, 160–162

before, 11

Benbow, John, 76

besides, 169

books, titles of, 143

brackets, 89–95, 129

British English, which for restrictive

expression, 56

bullets for lists, 180, 181, 186–187, 195n

vs. numbers, 185

vs. semicolons, 154–155

but, 13

comma for, 102, 113

to connect independent clauses, 167

capitalized nouns, hyphen to join prefix to,

121

certainly, 169

Chicago Manual of Style, 137, 194n

Churchill, Winston, 5

cities, slash to indicate two as unit, 156

clause

defined, 11–12

see also dependent clauses; independent

clauses

closing quotation marks, comma inside, 111

colon (:), 95–98

between independent clauses, 164

placement with parentheses, 134–135

and quotation marks, 146

Index