Testing
Before we discuss what testing means in data science, let's summarize a few concepts.
Firstly and in general, what is a model in science? We can cite the following definitions:
In science, a model is a representation of an idea, an object or even a process or a system that is used to describe and explain phenomena that cannot be experienced directly.
Scientific Modelling, Science Learning Hub, http://sciencelearn.org.nz/Contexts/The-Noisy-Reef/Science-Ideas-and-Concepts/Scientific-modelling
And this:
A scientific model is a conceptual, mathematical or physical representation of a real-world phenomenon. A model is generally constructed for an object or process when it is at least partially understood, but difficult to observe directly. Examples ...