R 4 Quick Syntax Reference: A Pocket Guide to the Language, API's and Library

© The Author(s), under exclusive license to APress Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2022

M. TollefsonR 4 Quick Syntax Referencehttps://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4842-7924-3_4

4. Types and Modes of Objects

Margot Tollefson¹  

(1)

Vanward Statistics, PO Box 286, 612 Teneyck Avenue, Stratford, IA, 50249-0286, USA

 

R objects exist within an object system. R currently uses three object systems: S3, S4, and Reference Class. S3, S4, and Reference Class are all object-oriented systems. S3 is the simplest with informal classes. S4 is a newer system and uses formal classes that are associated with methods. Reference Class uses formal classes that are associated with both methods and environments. The three versions run concurrently in R. The writers at CRAN say ...