Radio Propagation and Adaptive Antennas for Wireless Communication Networks, 2nd Edition

CHAPTER ELEVENCellular and Noncellular Communication Networks Design Based on Radio Propagation Phenomena

As was mentioned in Chapter 1, wireless systems are an enhancement of the traditional wireline telephone systems. However, unlike the wireline systems, they suffer from a poor grade of service (GOS) and low quality of service (QOS) because of low link reliability caused by propagation characteristics of the radio environment. Furthermore, most characteristics of wireless network design strongly depend on the sensitivity of receivers due to high service demand, on a low number of call resources due to limited frequency band of each network, and on degradation in the information data stream transmitting within each individual subscriber radio communication link. Important statistical characteristics that must be predicted are the path loss, slow, and fast fading. These allow designers of such networks to improve GOS and QOS characteristics, to create cellular maps of areas of service, and to optimize the information data stream within each radio communication channel.

In order to avoid measuring channel statistics for all operating environments and for all networks design, we introduced in Chapters 5 and 8 a unified stochastic approach for multipath radio channel description, based on real physical phenomena, such as multiple reflection, diffraction, and scattering from various nontransparent obstructions (trees, hills, houses, and buildings). In this chapter, we describe elements ...