Regular Expressions Cookbook

Preface

Over the past decade, regular expressions have experienced a remarkable rise in popularity. Today, all the popular programming languages include a powerful regular expression library, or even have regular expression support built right into the language. Many developers have taken advantage of these regular expression features to provide the users of their applications the ability to search or filter through their data using a regular expression. Regular expressions are everywhere.

Many books have been published to ride the wave of regular expression adoption. Most do a good job of explaining the regular expression syntax along with some examples and a reference. But there aren’t any books that present solutions based on regular expressions to a wide range of real-world practical problems dealing with text on a computer and in a range of Internet applications. We, Steve and Jan, decided to fill that need with this book.

We particularly wanted to show how you can use regular expressions in situations where people with limited regular expression experience would say it can’t be done, or where software purists would say a regular expression isn’t the right tool for the job. Because regular expressions are everywhere these days, they are often a readily available tool that can be used by end users, without the need to involve a team of programmers. Even programmers can often save time by using a few regular expressions for information retrieval and alteration tasks that would take hours or days to code in procedural code, or that would otherwise require a third-party library that needs prior review and management approval.

Caught in the Snarls of Different Versions

As with anything that becomes popular in the IT industry, regular expressions come in many different implementations, with varying degrees of compatibility. This has resulted in many different regular expression flavors that don’t always act the same way, or work at all, on a particular regular expression.

Many books do mention that there are different flavors and point out some of the differences. But they often leave out certain flavors here and there—particularly when a flavor lacks certain features—instead of providing alternative solutions or workarounds. This is frustrating when you have to work with different regular expression flavors in different applications or programming languages.

Casual statements in the literature, such as “everybody uses Perl-style regular expressions now,” unfortunately trivialize a wide range of incompatibilities. Even “Perl-style” packages have important differences, and meanwhile Perl continues to evolve. Oversimplified impressions can lead programmers to spend half an hour or so fruitlessly running the debugger instead of checking the details of their regular expression implementation. Even when they discover that some feature they were depending on is not present, they don’t always know how to work around it.

This book is the first book on the market that discusses the most popular and feature-rich regular expression flavors side by side, and does so consistently throughout the book.