Routledge Dictionary of Economics, 3rd Edition

Z

zaibatsu (L2)

A Japanese group of large companies owned by a family-controlled holding company.

See also: chaebol

zai teku (G0, M1)

Financial management (Japanese).

zakat (H2)

Under Islamic law, a tax on surplus wealth, e.g. on buried treasure acquired through little labour, or on a herd above a certain size. The tax is levied to help the poor and needy.

zero base budgeting (H6)

A method of governmental budgeting which begins with an appraisal of all spending projects on their merits and then, by aggregation, produces a budget total. It was intended, when it was introduced by the Carter Administration in the USA in the 1970s, to replace the traditional budget method of deciding first on an expenditure total and then allocating that sum ...