Chapter 1. A Fistful of Java

This represents the end result of nearly 15 years of trying to come up with a better programming language and environment for building simpler and more reliable software.

—Sun Microsystems cofounder Bill Joy

Crazy bellringer was right. There's money to be made in a place like this.

—The Man with No Name, A Fistful of Dollars

When the Java programming language was first released publicly in November 1995, it was a lot like a Clint Eastwood gunfighter moseying into a surly Western town.

Like Clint, Java was something the townsfolk hadn't seen before. It was a programming language that could run on a World Wide Web page, making a name for itself amongst the graphics, text, audio, and ubiquitous “under construction” signs. ...

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