book

Sams Teach Yourself PHP, MySQL™ and Apache in 24 Hours

Name: Sams Teach Yourself PHP, MySQL™ and Apache in 24 Hours
Author: Julie C Meloni
ISBN: 9780672324895

by Julie C Meloni

December 2002

Beginner

528 pages

10h 42m

English

Sams

Read now

Unlock full access

Copyright
Lead Author
Contributing Authors
Acknowledgments
We Want to Hear from You!
Reader Services
Introduction
Who Should Read This Book?How This Book Is OrganizedConventions Used in This Book
I. Getting Up and Running
1. Installing and Configuring MySQL
How to Get MySQLInstalling MySQL on Linux/UnixInstalling MySQL on WindowsTroubleshooting Your InstallationBasic Security GuidelinesStarting MySQLSecuring Your MySQL ConnectionIntroducing the MySQL Privilege SystemThe Two-Step Authentication ProcessWorking with User PrivilegesAdding UsersRemoving PrivilegesSummaryQ&AWorkshopQuizActivities
2. Installing and Configuring Apache
Choosing the Appropriate Installation MethodBuilding from SourceInstalling a BinaryInstalling Apache on Linux/UnixDownloading the Apache Source CodeUncompressing the Source CodePreparing to Build ApacheBuilding and Installing ApacheInstalling Apache on WindowsApache Configuration File StructureDirectivesContainersConditional EvaluationServerRootPer-Directory Configuration FilesApache Log Filesaccess_logerror_logAdditional FilesApache-Related CommandsApache Server BinaryApache Control ScriptStarting Apache for the First TimeCheck Your Configuration FileStarting ApacheTroubleshootingAlready an Existing Web ServerNo Permission to Bind to PortAccess DeniedWrong Group SettingsSummaryQ&AWorkshopQuizActivities

3. Installing and Configuring PHP
Building PHP on Linux/Unix with ApacheAdditional Configuration OptionsIntegrating PHP with Apache on Linux/UnixInstalling PHP Files on WindowsIntegrating PHP with Apache on Windowsphp.ini BasicsTesting Your InstallationGetting Installation HelpThe Basics of PHP ScriptsBeginning and Ending a Block of PHP StatementsThe print() FunctionCombining HTML and PHPAdding Comments to PHP CodeSummaryQ&AWorkshopQuizActivities
II. Basic Language Elements
4. The Building Blocks of PHP
VariablesData TypesChanging Type with settype()Changing Type by CastingWhy Test Type?Operators and ExpressionsThe Assignment OperatorArithmetic OperatorsThe Concatenation OperatorCombined Assignment OperatorsAutomatically Incrementing and Decrementing an Integer VariableComparison OperatorsCreating More Complex Test Expressions with the Logical OperatorsOperator PrecedenceConstantsPredefined ConstantsSummaryQ&AWorkshopQuizActivities
5. Flow Control Functions in PHP
Switching FlowThe if StatementUsing the else Clause with the if StatementUsing the elseif Clause with the if StatementThe switch StatementUsing the ? OperatorLoopsThe while StatementThe do...while StatementThe for StatementBreaking Out of Loops with the break StatementSkipping an Iteration with the continue StatementNesting LoopsCode Blocks and Browser OutputSummaryQ&AWorkshopQuizActivity
6. Working with Functions
What Is a Function?Calling FunctionsDefining a FunctionReturning Values from User-Defined FunctionsDynamic Function CallsVariable ScopeAccessing Variables with the global StatementSaving State Between Function Calls with the static StatementMore About ArgumentsSetting Default Values for ArgumentsPassing Variable References to FunctionsCreating Anonymous FunctionsTesting for the Existence of a FunctionSummaryQ&AWorkshopQuizActivity
7. Learning Basic SQL Commands
Learning the MySQL Data TypesNumeric Data TypesDate and Time TypesString TypesLearning the Table Creation SyntaxUsing the INSERT CommandA Closer Look at INSERTUsing the SELECT CommandOrdering SELECT ResultsLimiting Your ResultsUsing WHERE in Your QueriesUsing Operators in WHERE ClausesString Comparison Using LIKESelecting from Multiple TablesUsing JOINUsing the UPDATE Command to Modify RecordsConditional UPDATEsUsing Existing Column Values with UPDATEUsing the REPLACE CommandUsing the DELETE CommandConditional DELETESummaryQ&AWorkshopQuizActivity
8. Interacting with MySQL Using PHP
Connecting to MySQL with PHPUsing mysql_connect()Executing QueriesRetrieving Error MessagesWorking with MySQL DataInserting Data with PHPRetrieving Data with PHPAdditional MySQL Functions in PHPSummaryWorkshopQuizActivity
III. Getting Involved with the Code
9. Working with Forms
Predefined VariablesCreating a Simple Input FormAccessing Form Input with User-Defined ArraysCombining HTML and PHP Code on a Single PageUsing Hidden Fields to Save StateRedirecting the UserSending Mail on Form SubmissionSystem Configuration for the mail() FunctionCreating the FormCreating the Script to Send the MailWorking with File UploadsCreating the File Upload FormCreating the File Upload ScriptSummaryWorkshopQuizActivities
10. Working with Files
Including Files with include()Returning a Value from an Included DocumentUsing include() Within Control Structuresinclude_once()The include_path DirectiveTesting FilesChecking for Existence with file_exists()A File or a Directory?Checking the Status of a FileDetermining File Size with filesize()Getting Date Information About a FileCreating a Function That Performs Multiple File TestsCreating and Deleting FilesOpening a File for Writing, Reading, or AppendingReading from FilesReading Lines from a File with fgets() and feof()Reading Arbitrary Amounts of Data from a File with fread()Reading Characters from a File with fgetc()Writing or Appending to a FileWriting to a File with fwrite() or fputs()Locking Files with flock()Working with DirectoriesCreating Directories with mkdir()Removing a Directory with rmdir()Opening a Directory for Reading with opendir()Reading the Contents of a Directory with readdir()SummaryQ&AWorkshopQuizActivities
11. Working with Dates and Times
Using Date and Time Functions in PHPGetting the Date with time()Converting a Timestamp with getdate()Converting a Timestamp with date()Creating Timestamps with mktime()Testing a Date with checkdate()Using Date and Time Functions in MySQLWorking with DaysWorking with Months and YearsWorking with WeeksWorking with Hours, Minutes, and SecondsFormatting Dates and Times with MySQLPerforming Date Arithmetic with MySQLSpecial Functions and Conversion FeaturesSummaryWorkshopQuizActivity
12. Creating a Simple Calendar
Building a Simple Display CalendarChecking User InputBuilding the HTML FormCreating the Calendar TableCreating a Calendar LibrarySummaryQ&AWorkshopQuizActivity
13. Working with Strings
Formatting Strings with PHPWorking with printf()printf() and Type SpecifiersPadding Output with the Padding SpecifierSpecifying a Field WidthSpecifying PrecisionConversion Specifications: A RecapArgument SwappingStoring a Formatted StringInvestigating Strings in PHPA Note About Indexing StringsFinding the Length of a String with strlen()Finding a Substring Within a String with strstr()Finding the Position of a Substring with strpos()Extracting Part of a String with substr()Tokenizing a String with strtok()Manipulating Strings with PHPCleaning Up a String with trim() and strip_tags()Replacing a Portion of a String Using substr_replace()Replacing Substrings Using str_replaceConverting CaseWrapping Text with wordwrap() and nl2br()Breaking Strings into Arrays with explode()Frequently Used String Functions in MySQLLength and Concatenation FunctionsTrimming and Padding FunctionsLocation and Position FunctionsSubstring FunctionsString Modification FunctionsObscure String FunctionsSummaryQ&AWorkshopQuizActivities
14. Creating a Simple Discussion Forum
Types of Table RelationshipsOne-to-One RelationshipsOne-to-Many RelationshipsMany-to-Many RelationshipsUnderstanding NormalizationProblems with the Flat TableFirst Normal FormSecond Normal FormThird Normal FormFollowing the Design ProcessCreating a Discussion ForumDesigning the Database TablesCreating the Input Forms and ScriptsDisplaying the Topic ListDisplaying the Posts in a TopicAdding Posts to a TopicSummaryQ&AWorkshopQuizActivity
15. Restricting Access to Your Applications
Authentication OverviewClient AuthenticationUser Management MethodsApache Authentication Module FunctionalityFile-Based AuthenticationBack-End StorageUser ManagementAuthoritativeUsing mod_authDatabase File-Based Access ControlBack-End StorageUser ManagementUsing Apache for Access ControlImplementing Access RulesAllow/Deny Access by IP AddressesAllow/Deny Access by Domain NameAllow/Deny Access Based on Environment VariablesAllow/Deny Access to All ClientsEvaluating Access RulesCombining Apache Access MethodsLimiting Access Based on HTTP MethodsIntroducing CookiesThe Anatomy of a CookieSetting a Cookie with PHPDeleting a CookieRestricting Access Based on Cookie ValuesCreating the Authorized Users TableCreating the Login Form and ScriptTesting for the auth CookieSummaryQ&AWorkshopQuizActivity
16. Working with User Sessions
Session Function OverviewStarting a SessionWorking with Session VariablesPassing Session IDs in the Query StringDestroying Sessions and Unsetting VariablesSummaryQ&AWorkshopQuizActivity
17. Logging and Monitoring Server Activity
Standard Apache Access LoggingDeciding What to LogThe HostNameLookups DirectiveThe IdentityCheck DirectiveEnvironment VariablesStatus CodeLogging Accesses to FilesLogging Accesses to a ProgramStandard Apache Error LoggingLogging Errors to a FileLogging Errors to a ProgramThe syslog Daemon ArgumentThe LogLevel DirectiveManaging Apache LogsResolving HostnamesLog RotationMerging and Splitting LogsLog AnalysisMonitoring Error LogsLogging Custom Information to a DatabaseCreating the Database TableCreating the PHP Code SnippetCreating Sample ReportsSummaryQ&AWorkshopQuiz
IV. Simple Projects
18. Managing a Simple Mailing List
Developing the Subscription MechanismCreating the subscribers TableCreating the Subscription FormDeveloping the Mailing MechanismSummaryQ&AWorkshopQuiz
19. Creating an Online Address Book
Planning and Creating the Database TablesCreating a MenuCreating the Record Addition MechanismViewing RecordsCreating the Record Deletion MechanismAdding Subentries to a RecordSummaryWorkshopQuizActivities
20. Creating an Online Storefront
Planning and Creating the Database TablesInserting Records into the store_categories TableInserting Records into the store_items TableInserting Records into the store_item_size TableInserting Records into the store_item_color TableDisplaying Categories of ItemsDisplaying ItemsSummaryWorkshopQuiz
21. Creating a Shopping Cart Mechanism
Planning and Creating the Database TablesIntegrating the Cart with Your StorefrontAdding Items to Your CartViewing the CartRemoving Items from Your CartPayment Methods and the Checkout SequenceCreating the Checkout FormPerforming the Checkout ActionsSummaryWorkshopQuiz
V. Administration and Fine-Tuning
22. Apache Performance Tuning and Virtual Hosting
Scalability IssuesOperating System LimitsProcessesFile DescriptorsControlling External ProcessesPerformance-Related Apache SettingsFile System AccessNetwork and Status SettingsLoad Testing with ApacheBenchProactive Performance TuningMapping Files to MemoryDistributing the LoadCachingReduce Transmitted DataNetwork SettingsPreventing AbuseRobotsImplementing Virtual HostingIP-Based Virtual HostingName-Based Virtual HostsMass Virtual HostingSummaryQ&AWorkshopQuiz
23. Setting Up a Secure Web Server
The Need for SecurityConfidentialityIntegrityAuthenticationThe SSL ProtocolAddressing the Need for ConfidentialitySymmetric CryptographyPublic Key CryptographyAddressing the Need for IntegrityAddressing the Need for AuthenticationSSL and CertificatesSSL Protocol SummaryInstalling SSLOpenSSLWindowsUnixmod_sslWindowsUnixManaging CertificatesCreating a Key PairCreating a Certificate Signing RequestCreating a Self-Signed CertificateSSL ConfigurationStarting the ServerSummaryQ&AWorkshopQuiz
24. Optimizing and Tuning MySQL
Building an Optimized PlatformUsing the benchmark() FunctionMySQL Startup OptionsKey Startup ParametersOptimizing Your Table StructureOptimizing Your QueriesUsing the FLUSH CommandUsing the SHOW CommandRetrieving Information About Databases and TablesRetrieving Table Structure InformationRetrieving System StatusSummaryQ&AWorkshopQuizActivities

Content preview from Sams Teach Yourself PHP, MySQL™ and Apache in 24 Hours

Chapter 16. Working with User Sessions

In Hour 15, “Restricting Access to Your Applications,” we looked at using cookies to store user-related values, but once again, PHP is one step ahead of us. PHP contains numerous functions for managing user sessions, which can be stored in the $_SESSION superglobal. Sessions use techniques similar to those explored in the preceding hour but build them into the language; thus, saving state is as easy as calling a function.

In this hour, you will learn

What session variables are and how they work
How to start or resume a session
How to store variables in a session
How to destroy a session
How to unset session variables

Session Function Overview

Session functions implement a concept that you have already seen; that ...

Become an O’Reilly member and get unlimited access to this title plus top books and audiobooks from O’Reilly and nearly 200 top publishers, thousands of courses curated by job role, 150+ live events each month,
and much more.

Read now

Unlock full access

More than 5,000 organizations count on O’Reilly

O’Reilly covers everything we've got, with content to help us build a world-class technology community, upgrade the capabilities and competencies of our teams, and improve overall team performance as well as their engagement.

Julian F.

Head of Cybersecurity

I wanted to learn C and C++, but it didn't click for me until I picked up an O'Reilly book. When I went on the O’Reilly platform, I was astonished to find all the books there, plus live events and sandboxes so you could play around with the technology.

Addison B.

Field Engineer

I’ve been on the O’Reilly platform for more than eight years. I use a couple of learning platforms, but I'm on O'Reilly more than anybody else. When you're there, you start learning. I'm never disappointed.

Amir M.

Data Platform Tech Lead

I'm always learning. So when I got on to O'Reilly, I was like a kid in a candy store. There are playlists. There are answers. There's on-demand training. It's worth its weight in gold, in terms of what it allows me to do.

Mark W.

Embedded Software Engineer

Sams Teach Yourself PHP, MySQL® and Apache All in One, Second Edition

Publisher Resources

ISBN: 067232489XPurchase book

Cloud Computing

Data Engineering

Data Science

AI & ML

Programming Languages

Software Architecture

IT/Ops

Security

Design

Business

Soft Skills

Sams Teach Yourself PHP, MySQL™ and Apache in 24 Hours

by Julie C Meloni

Chapter 16. Working with User Sessions

Session Function Overview

Become an O’Reilly member and get unlimited access to this title plus top books and audiobooks from O’Reilly and nearly 200 top publishers, thousands of courses curated by job role, 150+ live events each month,
and much more.