Protocol Dysfunction and Misconfiguration
Like any software, TCP/IP protocol software sometimes doesn't get installed properly. Even after it is installed, it might stop working because of a corrupt file or some change to the system configuration. For example, even if the software is working, the computer might not be able to connect to other computers because its IP address and subnet mask are incorrect.
The TCP/IP protocol suite provides a number of useful utilities that help you determine whether TCP/IP is functioning and properly configured, such as
Ping— This utility is an extremely useful diagnostic tool that initiates a simple test of network connectivity and reports on whether the other computer responds.
Configuration information utilities ...
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