Chapter 20
DATA Step Processing
Why Use a DATA Step? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 411
Overview of DATA Step Processing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 412
Flow of Action . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 412
The Compilation Phase . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 414
The Execution Phase . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 414
Processing a DATA Step: A Walk-through . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 415
Sample DATA Step . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 415
Creating the Input Buffer and the Program Data Vector . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 415
Reading a Record . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 416
Writing an Observation to the SAS Data Set . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 417
Reading the Next Record . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 418
When the DATA Step Finishes Executing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 418
About DATA Step Execution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 419
The Default Sequence of Execution in the DATA Step . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 419
Changing the Default Sequence of Execution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 420
Step Boundary—How to Know When Statements Take Effect . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 422
What Causes a DATA Step to Stop Executing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 424
About Creating a SAS Data Set with a DATA Step . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 425
Creating a SAS Data File or a SAS View . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 425
Sources of Input Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 425
Reading Raw Data: Examples . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 425
Reading Data from SAS Data Sets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 428
Generating Data from Programming Statements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 428
Writing a Report with a DATA Step . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 429
Example 1: Creating a Report without Creating a Data Set . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 429
Example 2: Creating a Customized Report . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 430
Example 3: Creating an HTML Report Using ODS and the DATA Step . . . . . . . . 434
The DATA Step and ODS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 436
DATA Step Processing Time . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 437
Why Use a DATA Step?
Using the DATA step is the primary method for creating a SAS data set with Base SAS
software. A DATA step is a group of SAS language statements that begin with a DATA
411

Get SAS 9.4 Language Reference, 6th Edition now with the O’Reilly learning platform.

O’Reilly members experience books, live events, courses curated by job role, and more from O’Reilly and nearly 200 top publishers.