SAS 9.4 SQL Procedure User's Guide, Fourth Edition, 4th Edition

SQL procedure 363

missing values 5

counting with a macro 312

finding errors caused by 63

finding grouping errors caused by 67

grouping data with 67

overlaying 182

replacing in columns 35

retrieving rows and 50

sorting columns with 43

SQL procedure 312, 326

summarizing data with 62

WHERE clause with 54

multicolumn joins 80

multiple-value subqueries 97

N

natural joins 89, 336

nested subqueries 100

NOEXEC option

syntax checking with 139

NOT IN operator

multiple-value subqueries and 97

null values 5

inner joins and 79

NUMBER option 226

O

observations

See also rows

SQL procedure 216

ODS (Output Delivery System)

SQL procedure with 174

ODS destinations 174

operands

values from 351

operators

arithmetic 388

order of evaluation 352

set operators 344, 389

truncated string comparison operators

354

values from 351

ORDER BY clause 21, 265, 388

omitting 143

query performance and 143

orthogonal expressions 388

outer joins 84, 283, 332, 388

full outer joins 86

including nonmatching rows 84, 85

left outer joins 84

right outer joins 85

OUTER UNION operator

combining queries 103

concatenating query results 107

OUTER UNION set operator 345

OUTOBS= option 226

restricting row processing 139

output

adding text to 27

formatting with REPORT procedure

165

output objects 174

overlaying missing values 182

P

pattern matching 309, 341

percentages

computing within subtotals 185

performance

queries 142

primary key 129

PRINT option 227

PROC SQL statement 221

PROC SQL tables 216

adding rows 250

aliases 262, 329

altering columns 232

altering integrity constraints 232

changing column attributes 235

combining 278

counting rows 362

creating 238, 269

creating, from query expressions 243

creating, from query results 271

deleting 248

deleting rows 246, 247

indexes on columns 236

initial values of columns 235

inserting data 269

inserting values 252

integrity constraints 236, 243

joining 276, 301, 327

joining a table with itself 327, 329

joining more than two tables 338

joining three tables 292

ordering rows 265

recursive table references 243

renaming columns 236

retrieving data from 343

selecting columns 253

selecting rows 253

source tables 261

table definitions 247

table expressions 344

updating 267, 268, 273

without rows 242

PROC SQL views

See also views

Index 463