The hidden Markov model (HMM)
The hidden Markov model has numerous applications related to speech recognition, face identification (biometrics), and pattern recognition in pictures and video [7:3].
A hidden Markov model consists of a Markov process (also known as a Markov chain) for observations with a discrete time. The main difference with the Markov processes is that the states are not observable. A new observation is emitted with a probability known as the emission probability each time the state of the system or model changes.
There are now two sources of randomness:
- Transition between states
- Emission of an observation when a state is given
Let's reuse the boxes and balls example. If the boxes are hidden states (non-observable), then the user ...
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