CHAPTER1
FIGURE–GROUND IMAGES
When we look at a figure, it is usually darker and smaller than its background and has a more precisely defined form. However, it is possible to balance these characteristics more carefully than is usually the case. If you focus on the dark spaces, as we usually do when looking at an image on a sheet of paper, you will see just one figure. Yet if you think of the dark areas as the background of a white figure, you see something quite different.
We open this chapter with a very well-known figure called “All Is Vanity.” It shows a woman sitting at a vanity table and looking in a mirror. However, the back of her head ...
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