In the early 1950s, an American psychologist, Donald Cressey, undertook a series of interviews with convicted embezzlers to identify the common features of fraudulent behaviour and the conditions that predisposed them towards criminal abuse of trust. His research found a small number of factors that were present in most if not all of the crimes his interviewees had committed. All of them had faced a financial problem which had threatened them with personal disaster, either financially or reputationally. All of them had believed that the problem could not be shared with others, leading them to become isolated from dispassionate advice. All of them had been presented with a way out of their problem that was unorthodox ...

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