Chapter 2. Time and Frequency Domains

In this chapter, we explore the basic properties of signals in preparation for looking at how they interact with interconnects. We will find that there are multiple ways of looking at a signal, each providing a different perspective. The quickest path to the answer may not be the most obvious path. The different perspectives we will use to look at signals are called domains. In particular we’ll use the time domain and the frequency domain.

We will find that while we may generally be more familiar with the time domain, the frequency domain can provide valuable insight to understand and master many signal-integrity effects such as impedance, lossy lines, the power-distribution network, measurements, and models. ...

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