Smart Grid

Chapter 18. Perfect Partners

Wind Power and Electric Vehicles – A New Zealand Case Study

Magnus Hindsberger, John Boys and Graeme Ancell

Chapter Outline

Introduction 453

Wind Generation and Electric Vehicles in New Zealand 455

New Zealand Power System 455

New Zealand Electricity Market 456

Integration of Large-Scale Wind Generation in New Zealand 457

Integration of Large Numbers of EVs in New Zealand 458

The Opportunity at Hand 460

Integration Costs of Wind and Electric Vehicles in New Zealand 461

Assumptions 461

Modeling 462

Interaction Between Wind Generation and EV Recharging 463

System Costs Impact 464

Cost of Recharging 466

Time of Recharge 467

Improving System Reliability by Plugged-In EVs 468

Frequency Fluctuations in New Zealand 469

Using DDC for Frequency ...