Sodium-Ion Batteries

7Intercalation‐Type Anode Materials for Sodium‐Ion Batteries

7.1 Introduction

Intercalation‐type anode materials (e.g. carbon‐based materials [1], titanium‐based materials [2], etc.) show a great potential for practical applications of sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs) owing to highly stable structure and cycling stability, low cost, and relatively high safety. For example, titanium‐based oxides including TiO₂, Li₄Ti₅O₁₂, and Na₂Ti₃O₇ possess favorable structural dynamics owing to stable crystalline structure and two‐dimensional (2D) diffusion channel for sodium ions, which is very beneficial for the whole structure stability upon repeated Na⁺ intercalation and deintercalation for SIBs [3]. Moreover, such anodes show relatively high operating working ...