CHAPTER 5

Amplifying Emotional Texture

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TIP 43: Bring your audience through the broadest possible range of emotions.

Classifying emotion is slippery business. Two distinguished researchers, Paul Ekman and Robert Plutchik, have espoused overlapping but not identical theories. By studying facial microexpressions across cultures, Ekman identified six primary emotions: anger, disgust, fear, happiness, sadness, and surprise. Plutchik, in his visually memorable “Wheel of Emotions,” posited eight paired emotions: joy-sadness, trust-disgust, fear-anger, and surprise-anticipation.

We have found that a hybrid of the two is most effective for speech development. ...

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