By now, you should have a good understanding of the importance of indexes. But, the index alone is not what the optimizer uses to determine how it’s going to access data. It also takes advantage of enforced referential constraint and other table structures. Finally, and possibly most important, the optimizer must have information about the data that defines an index or a column. That information is referred to as a statistic. Statistics define both the distribution of data and the uniqueness or selectivity of the data. Statistics ...
13. Statistics, Data Distribution, and Cardinality
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