What Do We Mean by Stakeholder?
In the early 1980s, with concerns about corporate governance and the demand for increased public and shareholder influence, organizations needed to find ways to engage with the community in socially responsible ways. Freeman (1984) is generally credited as being the father of stakeholder theory, the focus of which is the role of stakeholders with respect to the firm. With the advent of stakeholder theories, the process of genuine stakeholder engagement entered the boardrooms of government and large corporates alike.
Cleland and King (1988) were among the first authors to describe the importance of stakeholders in the context of projects. It was not until 2013 that the topic ...
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