Chapter Summary
A contingency table displays counts and may include selected percentages. The totals for rows and columns of the table give the marginal distributions of the two variables. Individual rows and columns of the table show the conditional distribution of one variable given a label of the other. If the conditional distribution of a variable differs from its marginal distribution, the two variables are associated. Stacked bar charts and mosaic plots are useful for seeing association in a contingency table. A lurking variable offers another explanation for the association found in a table. A lurking variable can produce Simpson’s paradox; the association in a table might be the result of a lurking variable rather than the variables that ...
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