Statistics Workbook For Dummies with Online Practice, 2nd Edition

Table of contents

1. Cover
2. Introduction
   1. About This Book
   2. Foolish Assumptions
   3. Icons Used in This Book
   4. Beyond the Book
   5. Where to Go from Here
3. Part 1: Getting Off to a Statistically Significant Start
   1. Chapter 1: Summarizing Categorical Data: Counts and Percents
      1. Counting On the Frequency
      2. Relating with Percentages
      3. Interpreting Counts and Percents with Caution
      4. Answers to Problems in Summarizing Categorical Data
   2. Chapter 2: Summarizing Quantitative Data: Means, Medians, and More
      1. Finding and Interpreting Measures of Center
      2. Finding and Interpreting Measures of Spread
      3. Using Percentiles and the Interquartile Range
      4. Answers to Problems in Summarizing Quantitative Data
   3. Chapter 3: Organizing Categorical Data: Charts and Graphs
      1. Making, Interpreting, and Evaluating Pie Charts
      2. Making, Interpreting, and Evaluating Bar Graphs
      3. Answers to Problems in Organizing Categorical Data
   4. Chapter 4: Organizing Quantitative Data: Charts and Graphs
      1. Creating a Histogram
      2. Making Sense of Histograms
      3. Straightening Out Skewed Data
      4. Spotting a Misleading Histogram
      5. Making Box Plots
      6. Interpreting Box Plots
      7. Looking at Line Graphs
      8. Understanding the Empirical Rule
      9. Answers to Problems in Organizing Quantitative Data
4. Part 2: Probability, Distributions, and the Central Limit Theorem (Are You Having Fun Yet?)
   1. Chapter 5: Understanding Probability Basics
      1. Grasping the Rules of Probability
      2. Avoiding Probability Misconceptions
      3. Making Predictions Using Probability
      4. Answers to Problems in Probability
   2. Chapter 6: Measures of Relative Standing and the Normal Distribution
      1. Mastering the Normal Distribution
      2. Finding and Interpreting Standard (Z) Scores
      3. Knowing Where You Stand with Percentiles
      4. Finding Probabilities for a Normal Distribution
      5. Finding the Percentile (Backwards Normal)
      6. Answers to Problems in Normal Distribution
   3. Chapter 7: The Binomial Distribution
      1. Characterizing the Binomial Distribution
      2. Finding Probabilities Using the Binomial Formula for small n
      3. Finding Probabilities Using the Binomial Table for Medium-Sized n
      4. Calculating the Mean and Variance of the Binomial
      5. Estimating Probabilities in Large Cases — the Normal Approximation
      6. Answers to Problems in the Binomial Distribution
   4. Chapter 8: The t-Distribution
      1. Getting to Know the t-Distribution
      2. Working with the t-Table and Degrees of Freedom
      3. Answers to Problems in the t-Distribution
   5. Chapter 9: Demystifying Sampling Distributions and the Central Limit Theorem
      1. Exactly What Is a Sampling Distribution?
      2. Clearing Up the Central Limit Theorem (Once and for All)
      3. Finding Probabilities with the Central Limit Theorem
      4. When Your Sample’s Too Small: Employing the t-Distribution
      5. Answers to Problems in Sampling Distributions and the Central Limit Theorem
5. Part 3: Guesstimating and Hypothesizing with Confidence
   1. Chapter 10: Making Sense of Margin of Error
      1. Reviewing Margin of Error
      2. Calculating the Margin of Error for Means and Proportions
      3. Increasing and Decreasing Margin of Error
      4. Interpreting Margin of Error Correctly
      5. Answers to Problems in Making Sense of Margin of Error
   2. Chapter 11: Calculating Confidence Intervals
      1. Walking through a Confidence Interval
      2. Deriving a Confidence Interval for a Population Mean
      3. Figuring a Confidence Interval for a Population Proportion
      4. Calculating a Confidence Interval for the Difference of Two Means
      5. Computing a Confidence Interval for the Difference of Two Proportions
      6. Answers to Problems in Calculating Confidence Intervals
   3. Chapter 12: Deciphering Your Confidence Interval
      1. Interpreting Confidence Intervals the Right Way
      2. Evaluating Confidence Interval Results: What the Formulas Don’t Tell You
      3. Answers to Problems in Confidence Intervals
   4. Chapter 13: Testing Hypotheses
      1. Walking Through a Hypothesis Test
      2. Testing a Hypothesis about a Population Mean
      3. Testing a Hypothesis about a Population Proportion
      4. Testing for a Difference between Two Population Means
      5. Testing for a Mean Difference (Paired t-Test)
      6. Testing a Hypothesis about Two Population Proportions
      7. Answers to Problems in Testing Hypotheses
   5. Chapter 14: Taking the Guesswork Out of p-Values and Type I and II Errors
      1. Understanding What p-Values Measure
      2. Test (Statistic) Time: Figuring Out p-Values
      3. The Value Breakdown: Interpreting p-Values Properly
      4. Deciphering Type I Errors
      5. Deciphering and Distinguishing Type II Errors
      6. Answers to Problems in p-Values and Type I and II Errors
6. Part 4: Statistical Studies and the Hunt for a Meaningful Relationship
   1. Chapter 15: Examining Polls and Surveys
      1. Planning and Designing a Survey
      2. Selecting a Random Sample
      3. Carrying Out a Survey Properly
      4. Interpreting and Evaluating Survey Results
      5. Answers to Problems in Polls and Surveys
   2. Chapter 16: Evaluating Experiments
      1. Distinguishing Experiments from Observational Studies
      2. Designing a Good Experiment
      3. Looking for Cause and Effect: Interpreting Experiment Results
      4. Answers to Problems in Evaluating Experiments
   3. Chapter 17: Looking for Links in Categorical Data: Two-Way Tables
      1. Understanding Two-Way Tables Inside and Out
      2. Working with Intersection, Unions, and the Addition Rule
      3. Figuring Marginal Probabilities
      4. Nailing Down Conditional Probabilities and the Multiplication Rule
      5. Inspecting the Independence of Categorical Variables
      6. Answers to Problems in Two-Way Tables
   4. Chapter 18: Searching for Links in Quantitative Data: Correlation and Regression
      1. Relating X and Y with a Scatterplot
      2. Toeing the Line of Correlation
      3. Picking Out the Best Fitting Regression Line
      4. Interpreting the Regression Line and Making Predictions
      5. Checking the Fit of the Regression Line
      6. Answers to Problems in Correlation and Regression
7. Part 5: The Part of Tens
   1. Chapter 19: Math Review: Ten Steps to a Better Grade
      1. Know Your Math Symbols
      2. Uproot Roots and Powers
      3. Treat Fractions with Extra Care
      4. Obey the Order of Operations
      5. Avoid Rounding Errors
      6. Get Comfortable with Formulas
      7. Stay Calm When Formulas Get Tough
      8. Feel Fine about Functions
      9. Know When Your Answer Is Wrong
      10. Show Your Work
   2. Chapter 20: Top Ten Statistical Formulas
      1. Mean (or Average)
      2. Median
      3. Sample Standard Deviation
      4. Correlation
      5. Margin of Error for the Sample Mean
      6. Sample Size Needed for Estimating μ
      7. Test Statistic for the Mean
      8. Margin of Error for the Sample Proportion
      9. Sample Size Needed for Estimating p
      10. Test Statistic for the Proportion
   3. Chapter 21: Ten Ways to Spot Common Statistical Mistakes
      1. Scrutinizing Graphs
      2. Searching for and Specifying Bias
      3. Marking the Margin of Error
      4. Scanning for Sample Size
      5. Studying Sample Selection (Gotta Be Random)
      6. Checking for Confounding Variables
      7. Considering Correlation
      8. Doing the Math
      9. Detecting Selective Reporting
      10. Avoiding the Anecdote
8. Appendix: Tables for Reference
   1. Z-Table
   2. t-Table
   3. Binomial Table
9. Index
10. About the Author
11. Advertisement Page
12. Connect with Dummies
13. End User License Agreement