12.1 INTRODUCTION
A frame is a structure made up of several steel bars which are rivetted or welded together. These are made up of angle irons or channel sections and are called members of the frame or framed structure. Although the members are welded or rivetted together at their joints, they are considered as hinged or pin-jointed for the purpose of calculations. Determination of forces in a frame is needed in many engineering structures. The forces are determined based on the application of the principles of either statics or graphics.
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