book

Structural Integrity and Durability of Advanced Composites

Name: Structural Integrity and Durability of Advanced Composites
ISBN: 9780081001387

by Peter Beaumont, Constantinos Soutis, Alma Hodzic

May 2015

Intermediate to advanced

872 pages

28h 33m

English

Woodhead Publishing

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Cover image
Title page
Table of Contents
Related titles
Copyright
List of contributors
Woodhead Publishing Series in Composites Science and Engineering
Dedication
Editors’ Foreword
Foreword by Tony Kelly

Preface
Part One. Multi-scale mechanics, physical modelling and damage analysis
1. Composite micromechanics: from carbon fibres to graphene
1.1. Introduction1.2. Fibre reinforcement – theory1.3. Fibre reinforcement – experiment1.4. Nanoplatelet reinforcement – theory1.5. Nanoplatelet reinforcement – experiment1.6. Future trends and challenges1.7. Sources of further information
2. A mechanisms-based framework for describing failure in composite materials
2.1. Introduction2.2. Phenomenological failure theories2.3. Mechanisms-based failure analysis2.4. A comprehensive failure analysis strategy2.5. Conclusions
3. The origins of residual stress and its evaluation in composite materials
3.1. Introduction3.2. Origins of residual stress3.3. Measurements and predictions3.4. Effects and mitigations3.5. Residual stresses in carbon-epoxy composites and typical material properties3.6. Discussion
4. A multiscale synergistic damage mechanics approach for modeling progressive failure in composite laminates
4.1. Introduction4.2. Continuum damage mechanics4.3. Synergistic damage mechanics4.4. Finite element (FE) implementation of synergistic damage mechanics (SDM) approach for structural analysis4.5. Current issues and future trends4.6. Sources of further information and advice
5. From micro to macro: simulating crack propagation in carbon fibre composites
5.1. Introduction5.2. Overview of existing multi-scale modelling methods5.3. Numerical crack models5.4. Modelling of transverse crack growth in a carbon fibre-reinforced polymer ply5.5. Conclusions and final remarks
6. Multi-scale modeling of high-temperature polymer matrix composites for aerospace applications
6.1. Introduction6.2. DCB experiment6.3. Viscoelastic cohesive layer model6.4. Extraction of cohesive law from experimental data through J-integral6.5. Evaluation of damage evolution law6.6. Numerical results and discussion6.7. Conclusions
7. Modeling of damage evaluation and failure of laminated composite materials across length scales
7.1. Introduction
7.2. Microdamage mechanisms in fiber-reinforced composites
7.3. Modeling microdefect evolution in a lamina and stiffness degradation of unidirectional composites
7.4. Modeling of stiffness degradation of laminated composite materials across length scales
7.5. Conclusions
Part Two. Computational modelling, damage simulation and fatigue analysis
8. Computational techniques for simulation of damage and failure in composite materials
8.1. Introduction8.2. Semi-numerical techniques8.3. Meshless methods8.4. Partition of unity methods8.5. Multiscale and homogenisation
9. Damage evolution modelling in laminates
9.1. Introduction9.2. Damage initiation and growth9.3. Energy release rate-based analysis of intralaminar crack propagation9.4. Summary
10. Virtual testing of impact in fiber reinforced laminates
10.1. Introduction10.2. Mesomechanical modelling strategy of composite laminates10.3. Use case 1: low-velocity impact due to drop weight10.4. Use case 2: high-velocity impact10.5. Conclusions and future trends
11. Mixed-mode fatigue of bonded joints in composites: experiments and modelling
11.1. Introduction11.2. Materials and test equipment11.3. Calculation of the strain energy release rate11.4. Static test results11.5. Damage evolution under cyclic loading11.6. Analysis of damage mechanisms11.7. A new criterion for crack propagation in bonded joints11.8. Reanalysis of fatigue test results11.9. Conclusions
12. A general and rigorous accelerated testing methodology for long-term life prediction of polymeric materials
12.1. Introduction12.2. Time–temperature superposition principle12.3. Advanced accelerated testing methodology12.4. Experiments12.5. Conclusions
13. Effects of environment on creep behavior of three oxide–oxide ceramic matrix composites at 1200 °C
13.1. Introduction13.2. Experimental arrangements13.3. Mechanical behavior – effects of environment13.4. Composite microstructure13.5. Concluding remarks
14. Anisotropic three-dimensional arrays of fibres
14.1. Introduction14.2. Fibre reinforcements designed to resist shear of all orientations
Part Three. Structural integrity
15. Structural integrity and the implementation of engineering composite materials
15.1. Introduction15.2. Taking the long view15.3. Fitness considerations for long-life implementation15.4. The traditional approach to design15.5. Evolution of mechanical design15.6. Structural integrity and length scale15.7. Structural integrity and multiscale modelling15.8. At the heart of structural integrity15.9. A guide to thinking and planning a physical model15.10. Modelling structure that evolves with time15.11. Designing against stress corrosion cracking15.12. Multiscale modelling and computer simulation15.13. Can non-destructive evaluation (NDE) detect defects in laminated structures and bonded structures?15.14. The future looks bright15.15. Final remarks
16. The control of the residual lifetimes of carbon fibre-reinforced composite pressure vessels
16.1. Introduction16.2. Delayed fibre failures in carbon fibre composites16.3. Development of models of damage accumulation in advanced composites16.4. Comparison of results of modelling and observations using high-resolution tomography: validation of the model16.5. Consequences of the model16.6. Intrinsic limits based on component behaviour16.7. Long-term failure probability16.8. Conclusions
17. An extension of the point-stress criterion based on a coupled stress and energy fulfilment: application to the prediction of the open-hole tensile strength of a composite plate
17.1. Introduction17.2. The coupled criterion17.3. Isotropic plate17.4. Orthotropic plate17.5. Comparison with experimental data17.6. Conclusions
18. Compressive fracture of layered composites caused by internal instability
18.1. Introduction18.2. A unified computational approach to instability of periodic laminated materials18.3. Application to the case of a stiffened panel with an open hole18.4. Concluding remarks
19. Analysis of delamination in laminates with angle-ply matrix cracks: onset of damage and residual stiffness properties
19.1. Introduction
19.2. Residual stiffness of composite laminate with crack-induced delaminations
19.3. Delamination onset and growth prediction
19.4. Conclusions
20. Blast resistance of polymeric composite sandwich structures
20.1. Introduction20.2. Literature review20.3. Materials20.4. Experimental20.5. Instrumentation20.6. Results20.7. Discussion20.8. Conclusion
21. Maintenance and monitoring of composite helicopter structures and materials
21.1. Introduction21.2. Explanation of damage degradation modes21.3. Maintenance of materials21.4. SHM and NDI techniques21.5. Future trends21.6. Conclusions
Part Four. Structural integrity of bonded and bolted joints
22. Dynamic fractures of adhesively bonded carbon fibre-reinforced polymeric joints
22.1. Introduction22.2. Fatigue in adhesively bonded joints22.3. Impact and impact fatigue22.4. Fatigue crack growth in lap strap joint specimens22.5. Modelling fatigue crack growth in bonded carbon fibre-reinforced polymeric lap strap joints22.6. Conclusions22.7. Future trends
23. Damage tolerance and survivability of composite aircraft structures
23.1. Introduction23.2. Experimental methodology for evaluation of damage tolerance and survivability23.3. Results: a case study23.4. Result analysis and discussion23.5. Conclusions23.6. Sources of further information and advice
24. Computational and experimental study of composite scarf bonded joints
24.1. Introduction24.2. Computational modeling of joint interface24.3. Experimental study of joint interface24.4. Improvement of interface strength24.5. Conclusion
25. Composite bond inspection
25.1. What are the drivers for creating adhesively bonded aircraft structures?25.2. Brief description of an adhesive bond and how it works: bulk properties, interphases, and interfaces25.3. History of bonded aircraft construction25.4. Composite versus metallic bonded structures25.5. Composite bonding processes in aircraft manufacture25.6. Bonding processes in composite aircraft repair25.7. Control of bond quality25.8. Defects in adhesive joints25.9. Bond inspection tools25.10. Proof testing25.11. Conclusions
26. Tensile failure of composite scarf repair
26.1. Introduction26.2. Experimentation26.3. Modeling methodology26.4. Results and discussion26.5. Conclusions26.6. Future trends and recommendations
Part Five. Innovative manufacturing and materials for increased performance
27. Carbon and titanium dioxide nanotube polymer composite manufacturing – characterization and interphase modeling
27.1. Introduction27.2. Carbon nanotubes27.3. Manufacturing and characterization of epoxy resin/carbon nanotube composites27.4. Titanium dioxide nanotubes27.5. Experimental investigation of titania nanotubes (TNTs)27.6. Interphase modeling27.7. Conclusions
28. Recycling of reinforced plastics
28.1. Introduction28.2. Objective28.3. Materials and components used28.4. Preparation of composite for remanufacturing28.5. Manufacture of virgin specimens28.6. Mechanical testing28.7. Effect on mechanical properties of recycling of virgin material and GRP boat specimens28.8. Remanufacturing28.9. Hot forming (F + H)28.10. Conclusions
29. Design and performance of novel aircraft structures with folded composite cores
29.1. Introduction29.2. Folded core materials, cell geometry and manufacture29.3. Folded core properties and design29.4. Impact performance of foldcore composite sandwich panels29.5. Conclusions and outlook29.6. Further reading
Index

Content preview from Structural Integrity and Durability of Advanced Composites

19.3. Delamination onset and growth prediction

19.3.1. Analytical and finite element modelling of crack tip delaminations

O'Brien (1985) suggested a simple closed-form expression for the strain-energy release rate for local delaminations growing uniformly from transverse crack tips. The expression is based on simple load shearing rules and the classical laminated plate theory. It gives the strain energy release rate that depends only on the laminate lay-up and thickness, the location of the cracked ply and subsequent delaminations, the applied load and the laminate width, and is independent of delamination size and matrix crack density. In the nomenclature of this paper it is given by

$\frac{G^{l d}}{{\bar{ε}}_{x x}^{2}} = \frac{N {\hat{E}}_{x}^{2} h}{2 m} (\frac{1}{(N - n) {\hat{E}}_{l d}} - \frac{1}{N {\hat{E}}_{x}})$

(19.19a)

where h is the laminate ...

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Structural Integrity and Durability of Advanced Composites

by Peter Beaumont, Constantinos Soutis, Alma Hodzic

19.3. Delamination onset and growth prediction

19.3.1. Analytical and finite element modelling of crack tip delaminations

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