Subsea Engineering Handbook

Chapter 4

Subsea Surveying, Positioning, and Foundation

Contents

4.1. Introduction

4.2. Subsea Survey

4.2.1. Subsea Survey Requirements

4.2.1.1. Survey Pattern for Selected Subsea Field and Each Pipeline Route

4.2.1.2. Geotechnical Study

4.2.1.3. Survey Vessel

4.2.1.4. Survey Aids

4.2.1.5. Gyrocompass

4.2.1.6. Navigation Computer and Software

4.2.1.7. Personnel

4.2.2. Subsea Survey Equipment Requirements

4.2.2.1. Multibeam Echo Sounder (MBES)

4.2.2.2. Side-Scan Sonar

4.2.3. Sub-Bottom Profilers

4.2.3.1. High-Resolution Sub-Bottom Profiler

4.2.3.2. Low-Resolution Sub-Bottom Profiler

4.2.4. Magnetometer

4.2.5. Core and Bottom Sampler

4.2.6. Positioning Systems

4.2.6.1. Offshore Surface Positioning

4.2.6.2. Underwater Positioning

4.3. Subsea Metrology ...