Chapter 2 Fundamental Aspects of Supercritical Fluids
Abstract
The supercritical state of a particular substance can be demonstrated using a general pressure–temperature (PT) diagram of pure substance, which is shown in Figure 2.1 for CO2. The three common states of matter—solid, liquid, and gas—are divided by distinct phase boundaries as shown by solid lines. Along these lines, two phases are in equilibrium and the three states coexist at the triple point. The vapor–liquid equilibrium curve, also called the boiling point or the vapor pressure curve, terminates at the critical point with a critical temperature, Tc, and a critical pressure, Pc. A supercritical fluid (SCF) is a fluid with a temperature and pressure higher than T
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