Sustainable Agriculture Systems and Technologies

10Quality of Irrigation Water for Sustainable Agriculture Development in India

Bharat Lal¹, Abhishek Kumar Shukla¹, Pavan Kumar², and Susheel Kumar Singh¹

¹ College of Agriculture, Rani Lakshmi Bai Central Agricultural University, Jhansi, Uttar Pradesh, India

² College of Horticulture and Forestry, Rani Lakshmi Bai Central Agricultural University, Jhansi, Uttar Pradesh, India

CONTENTS

1. 10.1 Introduction
2. 10.2 Global Water Resources and Their Scarcity
3. 10.3 Water Resources in India
   1. 10.3.1 Surface Water
   2. 10.3.2 Rainfall Water
   3. 10.3.3 Groundwater
4. 10.4 Status of Groundwater Quality in India
5. 10.5 Impact of Poor‐Quality Irrigation Water
   1. 10.5.1 Salinity
   2. 10.5.2 Infiltration Rate
   3. 10.5.3 Specific Ion Toxicity
   4. 10.5.4 Miscellaneous Ion Toxicity
6. 10.6 Irrigation Water Quality Parameters
   1. 10.6.1 Salinity Hazard
   2. 10.6.2 Sodium Hazard
   3. 10.6.3 Carbonate and Bicarbonate
   4. 10.6.4 Specific Ion Toxicity
      1. 10.6.4.1 Magnesium Hazard
      2. 10.6.4.2 Boron Hazard
      3. 10.6.4.3 Chlorine Hazard
7. 10.7 Irrigation Water Quality of Indian Groundwater
8. 10.8 Sustainable Irrigation Water Management Option in Agriculture
   1. 10.8.1 Leaching Requirement
   2. 10.8.2 Proper Drainage
   3. 10.8.3 Growing of Salt Tolerance Crops
   4. 10.8.4 Blending of Poor‐Quality Irrigation Water
   5. 10.8.5 Other Cultural Practices
9. 10.9 Government and Public Awareness to Sustainable Water Use in Agriculture
   1. 10.9.1 Government Initiatives on Micro‐Irrigation
10. 10.10 Conclusion
11. References

10.1 Introduction

Water is the most important natural resource, ...