Sustainable Environmental Engineering

7Efficiency of Renewable Materials

All the materials should be utilized to their bes advantages.

OBJECTIVES

• To develop master equation for reactor design using mass balance analysis
• To avoid chemicals to reduce both capital and operation and maintenance costs
• To compare capital and operation and maintenance costs of UV disinfection vs. chlorination
• To design the most efficient batch, continuous stirring tank reactor (CSTR), and plug flow reactor (PFR) using experimental kinetic data
• To size different reactors to achieve a specific percentage of conversion
• To quantify molecular structure effect on reactor volume required to achieve a specific conversion factor
• To provide correlation between cost and reactor volume

7.1 Principle 4

Biomasses are considered as renewable materials. Therefore, there is a major driver to replace fossils such as crude oil with renewable biomass as feeding stock in chemical engineering. For the same reason, environmental engineering (EE) should also select biomass as feeding stock for anaerobic digestion whenever it is feasible. For example, in designing a WRRF organic compounds in wastewater could be considered as the feeding stock to produce energy. In designing EEIS, if chemicals or materials are not avoidable, each unit process should be designed with maximal efficiency to reduce footprint on the environments.

Principle 4 Mass efficient alternatives should be regenerative or neutral to avoid negative design in terms of footprints on air, ...