Synchronization of Digital Telecommunications Networks

CONTENTS

Preface

Acknowledgements

Abbreviations

Symbols

1 Introduction

1.1 Synchronization in Telecommunications

1.1.1 Carrier Synchronization

1.1.2 Symbol Synchronization

1.1.3 Frame Synchronization

1.1.4 Bit Synchronization

1.1.5 Packet Synchronization

1.1.6 Network Synchronization

1.1.7 Multimedia Synchronization

1.1.8 Synchronization of Real-Time Clocks

1.2 Outline of the Book

1.3 Summary

1.4 References

2 Asynchronous and Synchronous Digital Multiplexing

2.1 Basic Concepts

2.1.1 Timing Signals and Digital Signals

2.1.2 Timing Relationships between Digital Signals

2.1.3 Jitter and Wander

2.1.4 Asynchronous vs Synchronous Transfer Modes

2.1.5 Taxonomy of Multiplexing Techniques

2.1.6 Time Division Multiplexing (TDM)

2.2 The PCM Primary Multiplex

2.3 Digital Multiplexing

2.3.1 Synchronous Digital Multiplexing

2.3.2 Slips

2.3.3 Synchronous Digital Multiplexer and Demultiplexer

2.3.4 Asynchronous Digital Multiplexing: Bit Justification

2.3.5 Asynchronous Digital Multiplexer and Demultiplexer

2.4 The Plesiochronous Digital Hierarchies (PDH)

2.4.1 The European Plesiochronous Digital Hierarchy (Ei)

2.4.2 The North American and Japanese Plesiochronous Digital Hierarchies (DSi/Ti)

2.5 The Synchronous Digital Hierarchy (SDH) and SONET

2.5.1 A Bit of History

2.5.2 Hierarchical Levels of SDH and SONET

2.5.3 SDH Frame Structure

2.5.4 Synchronous Multiplexing in SDH

2.5.5 Synchronous Multiplexing Elements

2.5.6 Example of PDH Signal Transport on SDH: Asynchronous Mapping of the 139.264 Mbit/s ...