Assuming they are well designed, star schema data models (such as those used in data warehouses and data marts) work very well with Tableau because they have well-defined granularity, measures, and dimensions. Additionally, if they are implemented well, they can be extremely efficient to query. This allows for a good experience when using live connections in Tableau.
Star schemas are so named because they consist of a single fact table surrounded by related dimension tables forming a star pattern. Fact tables contain measures at a meaningful granularity and dimension tables contain attributes for various related entities. The following diagram illustrates a simple star schema with a single fact table (Hospital ...