book

Technical Drawing with Engineering Graphics, 16th Edition

by Frederick E. Giesecke, Shawna Lockhart, Marla Goodman, Cindy Johnson

March 2023

Intermediate to advanced

1079 pages

42h 37m

English

Pearson

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Updated ContentTeaching/Learning Features
Online ResourcesAcknowledgments
Understanding the Role of Technical Drawings1.1 Graphics Tools in Action1.2 Rapid Prototyping1.3 Drafting Standards1.4 Creativity Techniques1.5 Product Definition1.6 Showing the Design Process in a PortfolioKey WordsChapter SummaryReview QuestionsChapter ExercisesReverse Engineering Projects
Understanding Projection2.1 Alphabet of Lines2.2 Freehand Lines2.3 Measurement Systems2.4 Drawing Scale2.5 Specifying the Scale on a Drawing2.6 Lettering2.7 Lettering Standards2.8 Using Guidelines for Hand Lettering2.9 Vertical and Inclined Letters and Numerals2.10 Fractions2.11 Spacing of Letters and Words2.12 Lettering for Titles2.13 Drawing Pencils2.14 Templates2.15 CAD Tools2.16 Sketching and Drawing Media2.17 Standard Sheets2.18 Standard Layout Elements2.19 Layouts2.20 Planning Your Drawing or SketchKey WordsChapter SummaryReview QuestionsChapter Exercises
Understanding Solid ObjectsUnderstanding Sketching Techniques3.1 Technique of Lines3.2 Sketching Straight Lines3.3 Sketching Circles, Arcs, and Ellipses3.4 Maintaining Proportions3.5 One-View Drawings3.6 Pictorial Sketching3.7 Projection Methods3.8 Axonometric Projection3.9 Isometric Projection3.10 Isometric Drawings3.11 Making an Isometric Drawing3.12 Offset Location Measurements3.13 Hidden Lines and Centerlines3.14 Angles in Isometric3.15 Irregular Objects3.16 Curves in Isometric3.17 True Ellipses in Isometric3.18 Orienting Ellipses in Isometric Drawings3.19 Drawing Isometric Cylinders3.20 Screw Threads in Isometric3.21 Arcs in Isometric3.22 Spheres in Isometric3.23 Oblique Sketches3.24 Length of Receding Lines3.25 Choice of Position in Oblique Drawings3.26 Ellipses for Oblique Drawings3.27 Angles in Oblique Projection3.28 Sketching Assemblies3.29 Sketching Perspectives3.30 Curves and Circles in Perspective3.31 Shading3.32 Computer Graphics3.33 Drawing on DrawingKey WordsChapter SummaryReview QuestionsSketching Exercises

Coordinates for 3D CAD ModelingGeometric Entities4.1 Manually Bisecting a Line or Circular Arc4.2 Drawing Tangents to Two Circles4.3 Drawing an Arc Tangent to a Line or Arc and Through a Point4.4 Bisecting an Angle4.5 Drawing a Line Through a Point and Parallel to a Line4.6 Drawing a Triangle With Sides Given4.7 Drawing a Right Triangle With Hypotenuse and One Side Given4.8 Laying Out an Angle4.9 Drawing an Equilateral Triangle4.10 Polygons4.11 Drawing a Regular Pentagon4.12 Drawing a Hexagon4.13 Ellipses4.14 Spline Curves4.15 Geometric Relationships4.16 Solid Primitives4.17 Recognizing Symmetry4.18 Extruded Forms4.19 Revolved Forms4.20 Irregular Surfaces4.21 User Coordinate Systems4.22 TransformationsKey WordsChapter SummarySkills SummaryReview QuestionsChapter Exercises
Refinement and ModelingKinds of Models5.1 2D Models5.2 3D Models5.3 Types of 3D Models5.4 Constraint-Based Modeling5.5 Constraints Define the Geometry5.6 Planning Parts for Design Flexibility5.7 Sketch Constraints5.8 The Base Feature5.9 Editing the Model5.10 Constraint-Based Modeling Modes5.11 Choosing the Right Modeling MethodKey WordsChapter SummaryReview QuestionsChapter Exercises
Understanding Projection6.1 Hidden Line Technique6.2 Precedence of Lines6.3 Centerlines6.4 Laying Out a Drawing6.5 Developing Views from 3D Models6.6 Visualization6.7 Views of Surfaces6.8 Normal Surfaces6.9 Inclined Surfaces6.10 Oblique Surfaces6.11 Edges6.12 Normal Edges6.13 Inclined Edges6.14 Oblique Edges6.15 Parallel Edges6.16 Angles6.17 Vertices6.18 Interpreting Points6.19 Interpreting Lines6.20 Similar Shapes of Surfaces6.21 Interpreting Views6.22 Models6.23 Projecting a Third View6.24 Becoming a 3D VisualizerKey WordsChapter SummaryReview QuestionsChapter Exercises
Practices for 2D Documentation Drawings7.1 Visualizing and Drawing Complex Cylindrical Shapes7.2 Cylinders When Sliced7.3 Cylinders and Ellipses7.4 Intersections and Tangencies7.5 Fillets and Rounds7.6 Runouts7.7 Conventional Edges7.8 Necessary Views7.9 Partial Views7.10 Alignment of Views7.11 Removed Views7.12 Right-Hand and Left-Hand Parts7.13 Revolution ConventionsKey WordsChapter SummaryReview QuestionsChapter Exercises
Understanding Sections8.1 Placement of Section Views8.2 Labeling Cutting Planes8.3 Line Precedence8.4 Rules for Lines in Section Views8.5 Cutting-Plane Line Style8.6 Section-Lining Technique8.7 Half Sections8.8 Broken Out Sections8.9 Revolved Sections8.10 Removed Sections8.11 Offset Sections8.12 Ribs in Section8.13 Aligned Sections8.14 Partial Views8.15 Intersections in Sections8.16 Conventional Breaks and Sections8.17 Assembly SectionsKey WordsChapter SummaryReview QuestionsChapter Exercises
Understanding Auxiliary Views9.1 Using Triangles to Sketch Auxiliary Views9.2 Using Grid Paper to Sketch Auxiliary Views9.3 Using CAD to Create Auxiliary Views9.4 Circles and Ellipses in Auxiliary Views9.5 Hidden Lines in Auxiliary Views9.6 Partial Auxiliary Views9.7 Half Auxiliary Views9.8 Reverse Construction9.9 Auxiliary Sections9.10 Viewing-Plane Lines and Arrows9.11 Uses of Auxiliary Views9.12 True Length of a Line9.13 Point View of a Line9.14 Edge View of a Plane9.15 True Size of an Oblique Surface9.16 Dihedral AnglesUnderstanding Developments and Intersections9.17 Developments9.18 Hems and Joints for Sheet Metal and Other Materials9.19 More Examples of Developments and Intersections9.20 Transition Pieces9.21 Triangulation9.22 Developing a Transition Piece Connecting Rectangular Pipes on the Same Axis9.23 Developing a Plane and a Sphere9.24 Revolution9.25 Primary and Successive Revolutions9.26 True Length of a Line: Revolution MethodKey WordsChapter SummaryReview QuestionsChapter Exercises
Design for Manufacture, Assembly, Disassembly, and Service10.1 Assembly Models10.2 Assemblies and Design10.3 Assemblies and Simulation10.4 Parts for Assemblies10.5 Using Your Model to Check Fits10.6 Manufacturing Processes10.7 Dos and Don’ts of Practical Design10.8 Manufacturing Materials10.9 Appearance, Service Life, and Recycling10.10 Dimensional Accuracy and Surface Finish10.11 Net-Shape Manufacturing10.12 Computer-Integrated Manufacturing10.13 Shared Manufacturing10.14 Manufacturing Methods and the Drawing10.15 Modeling for Testing and Refinement10.16 Determining Mass Properties10.17 Exporting Data from the Database10.18 Downstream Applications10.19 Prototyping Your DesignKey WordsChapter SummarySkills SummaryReview QuestionsChapter Exercises
Understanding Dimensioning11.1 Lines Used in Dimensioning11.2 Using Dimension and Extension Lines11.3 Arrowheads11.4 Leaders11.5 Drawing Scale and Dimensioning11.6 Direction of Dimension Values and Notes11.7 Dimension Units11.8 Millimeter Values11.9 Decimal-Inch Values11.10 Rules for Dimension Values11.11 Rules for Rounding Decimal Dimension Values11.12 Dual Dimensioning11.13 Combination Units11.14 Dimensioning Symbols11.15 Placing and Showing Dimensions Legibly11.16 Superfluous Dimensions11.17 Dimensioning Angles11.18 Dimensioning Arcs11.19 Fillets and Rounds11.20 Size Dimensioning: Prisms11.21 Size Dimensioning: Cylinders11.22 Size Dimensioning: Holes11.23 Applying Standard Dimensioning Symbols11.24 Dimensioning Counterbores and Spotfaces with Fillets11.25 Dimensioning Triangular Prisms, Pyramids, and Cones11.26 Dimensioning Curves11.27 Dimensioning Curved Surfaces11.28 Dimensioning Rounded-End Shapes11.29 Dimensioning Threads11.30 Dimensioning Tapers11.31 Dimensioning Chamfers11.32 Shaft Centers11.33 Dimensioning Keyways11.34 Dimensioning Knurls11.35 Finish Marks11.36 Surface Roughness11.37 Location Dimensions11.38 Mating Dimensions11.39 Coordinate Dimensioning11.40 Tabular Dimensions11.41 Dimensioning for Numerically-Controlled Machining11.42 Machine, Pattern, and Forging Dimensions11.43 Sheet Metal Bends11.44 Notes11.45 Standards11.46 Dos and Don’ts of DimensioningKey WordsChapter SummaryReview QuestionsChapter Exercises
Understanding Tolerance12.1 Specifying Tolerances12.2 General Tolerance Notes12.3 Limit Tolerances12.4 Plus-or-Minus Tolerances12.5 Tolerance Stacking12.6 Using American National Standard Limits and Fit Tables12.7 Tolerances and Machining Processes12.8 Metric System of Tolerances and Fits12.9 Preferred Sizes12.10 Preferred Fits12.11 Geometric Dimensioning and Tolerancing12.12 Symbols for Tolerances of Position and Form12.13 Datum Features12.14 Positional Tolerances12.15 Maximum Material Condition12.16 Tolerances of Angles12.17 Form Tolerances for Single Features12.18 Orientations for Related Features12.19 Using Geometric Dimensioning and Tolerancing12.20 Tolerances and Digital Product Definition12.21 Computer GraphicsKey WordsChapter SummaryReview QuestionsChapter Exercises
Understanding Threads and Fasteners13.1 Thread Notes13.2 External Thread Symbols13.3 Internal Thread Symbols13.4 Detailed Representation: Metric, Unified, and American National Threads13.5 Threads in Assembly13.6 Modeling Thread13.7 American National Standard Pipe Threads13.8 Use of Phantom Lines13.9 Tapped Holes13.10 Bolts, Studs, and Screws13.11 Standard Bolts and Nuts13.12 Drawing Standard Bolts13.13 Specifications for Bolts and Nuts13.14 Locknuts and Locking Devices13.15 Standard Cap Screws13.16 Standard Machine Screws13.17 Standard Set Screws13.18 American National Standard Wood Screws13.19 Miscellaneous Fasteners13.20 Keys13.21 Machine Pins13.22 Rivets13.23 Springs13.24 Drawing Helical Springs13.25 Modeling SpringsKey WordsChapter SummaryReview QuestionsChapter Exercises
Working Drawings or Construction Drawings14.1 Subassemblies14.2 Identification14.3 Parts Lists14.4 Assembly Sections14.5 Working Drawing Assembly14.6 Installation Assemblies14.7 Check Assemblies14.8 Working Drawing Formats14.9 Drawing Numbers14.10 Zoning14.11 Checking Drawings14.12 Drawing Revisions14.13 Simplifying Drawings14.14 Patent DrawingsKey WordsChapter SummaryReview QuestionsChapter Exercises
Documentation and the Design Database15.1 Requirements for Engineering Documentation15.2 Drawing Control Methods15.3 Good Practices for Electronic Drawing Storage15.4 Drawing Standards15.5 Permission and Ownership15.6 Backing Up Drawing Files15.7 Storage Media15.8 Using the 3D Design Database in Concurrent Engineering15.9 Quality Management15.10 Product Data Management15.11 Managing Work Flow15.12 Data Management and the WebKey WordsChapter SummarySkills SummaryReview QuestionsChapter Exercises
Understanding Gears16.1 Constructing a Base Circle16.2 The Involute Tooth Shape16.3 Approximate Involute Using Circular Arcs16.4 Spacing Gear Teeth16.5 Rack Teeth16.6 Working Drawings of Spur Gears16.7 Spur Gear Design16.8 Worm Gears16.9 Working Drawings of Worm Gears16.10 Bevel Gears16.11 Bevel Gear Definitions and Formulas16.12 Working Drawings of Bevel Gears16.13 Cams16.14 Displacement Diagrams16.15 Cam Profiles16.16 Offset and Pivoted Cam Followers16.17 Cylindrical Cams16.18 Other Drive DevicesKey WordsChapter SummaryReview QuestionsChapter Exercises
Understanding Electronic Diagrams17.1 Drawing Size, Format, and Title17.2 Line Conventions and Lettering17.3 Standard Symbols for Electronic Diagrams17.4 Abbreviations17.5 Grouping Parts17.6 Arrangement of Electrical/Electronic Symbols17.7 Connections and Crossovers17.8 Interrupted Paths17.9 Terminals17.10 Color Coding17.11 Division of Parts17.12 Electron Tube Pin Identification17.13 Reference Designations17.14 Numerical Values17.15 Functional Identification and Other Information17.16 Integrated Circuits17.17 Printed Circuits17.18 Computer GraphicsKey WordsChapter SummaryReview QuestionsChapter Exercises
Structural Drawings18.1 Wood Construction18.2 Structural Steel18.3 Structural Steel Shapes18.4 Specifications18.5 Welded and Bolted Connections18.6 Riveted Connections18.7 Frame Beam Connections18.8 Welding18.9 High-Strength Bolting for Structural Joints18.10 Accuracy of Dimensions18.11 Concrete Construction18.12 Reinforced Concrete Drawings18.13 Structural Clay Products18.14 Stone ConstructionKey WordsChapter SummaryReview QuestionsChapter Exercises
Understanding Landform DrawingsGetting Information for Maps19.1 Symbols19.2 Bearings19.3 Elevation19.4 Contours19.5 City Maps19.6 Structure Location Plans19.7 Highway PlansKey WordsChapter SummaryReview QuestionsChapter Exercises
Understanding Piping Drawings20.1 Steel and Wrought Iron Pipe20.2 Cast Iron Pipe20.3 Seamless Brass and Copper Pipe20.4 Copper Tubing20.5 Plastic and Specialty Pipes20.6 Pipe Fittings20.7 Pipe Joints20.8 Valves20.9 American National Standard Code for Pressure PipingKey WordsChapter SummaryReview QuestionsChapter Exercises
Understanding Weldment DrawingsUnderstanding a Welding Symbol21.1 Types of Welded Joints21.2 Types of Welds21.3 Welding Symbols21.4 Fillet Welds21.5 Groove Welds21.6 Back or Backing Welds21.7 Surface Welds21.8 Plug and Slot Welds21.9 Spot Welds21.10 Seam Welds21.11 Projection Welds21.12 Flash and Upset Welds21.13 Welding Applications21.14 Welding Templates21.15 Computer GraphicsKey WordsChapter SummaryReview QuestionsChapter Exercises
Understanding Axonometric Projection22.1 Dimetric Projection22.2 Approximate Dimetric Drawings22.3 Trimetric Projection22.4 Trimetric Scales22.5 Trimetric Ellipses22.6 Axonometric Projection Using Intersections22.7 Computer Graphics22.8 Oblique Projections22.9 Ellipses for Oblique Drawings22.10 Offset Measurements22.11 Oblique Dimensioning22.12 Computer GraphicsKey WordsChapter SummaryReview QuestionsChapter Exercises
Understanding Perspectives23.1 Perspective from a Multiview Projection23.2 Nonrotated Side View Method for Perspective23.3 Drawing an Angular Perspective23.4 Position of the Station Point23.5 Location of the Picture Plane23.6 Bird’s-Eye View or Worm’s-Eye View23.7 The Three Types of Perspectives23.8 One-Point Perspective23.9 One-Point Perspective of a Cylindrical Shape23.10 Two-Point Perspective23.11 Three-Point Perspective23.12 Measurements in Perspective23.13 Direct Measurements along Inclined Lines23.14 Vanishing Points of Inclined Lines23.15 Inclined Lines in Perspective, Joining Endpoint Method23.16 Curves and Circles in Perspective23.17 The Perspective Plan Method23.18 Perspective Diagram23.19 Shading23.20 Computer GraphicsKey WordsChapter SummaryReview QuestionsChapter Exercises
1 List of Standards Organizations2 Abbreviations for Use on Drawings and in Text—American National Standard3 Useful Formulas for Geometric Entities4 Running and Sliding Fits—American National Standard5 Clearance Locational Fits—American National Standard6 Transition Locational Fits—American National Standard7 Interference Locational Fits—American National Standard8 Force and Shrink Fits—American National Standard9 International Tolerance Grades10 Preferred Metric Hole Basis Clearance Fits—American National Standard11 Preferred Metric Hole Basis Transition and Interference Fits—American National Standard12 Preferred Metric Shaft Basis Clearance Fits—American National Standard13 Preferred Metric Shaft Basis Transition and Interference Fits—American National Standard14 Screw Threads, American National, Unified, and Metric15 Twist Drill Sizes—American National Standard and Metric16 Acme Threads, General Purpose17 Bolts, Nuts, and Cap Screws—Square and Hexagon—American National Standard and Metric18 Cap Screws, Slotted and Socket Head—American National Standard and Metric19 Machine Screws—American National Standard and Metric20 Keys—Square, Flat, Plain Taper, and Gib Head21 Screw Threads, Square and Acme22 Woodruff Keys—American National Standard23 Woodruff Key Sizes for Different Shaft Diameters24 Pratt and Whitney Round-End Keys25 Washers, Plain—American National Standard26 Washers, Lock—American National Standard27 Wire Gage Standards28 Taper Pins—American National Standard29 Cotter Pins—American National Standard30 Metric Equivalents31 Welding Symbols and Processes—American Welding Society Standard32 Topographic Symbols33 Piping Symbols—American National Standard34 Heating, Ventilating, and Ductwork Symbols—American National Standard35 Amer. Nat’l Std. Graphical Symbols for Electronic Diagrams36 Form and Proportion of Datum Symbols37 Form and Proportion of Geometric Characteristic Symbols38 Form and Proportion of Geometric Dimensioning Symbols39 Form and Proportion of Modifying Symbols40 Form and Proportion of Dimensioning Symbols and Letterss41 Comparison of Symbols42 Wrought Steel Pipe and Taper Pipe Threads—American National Standard43 Cast Iron Pipe, Thicknesses and Weights—American National Standard44 Cast Iron Pipe Screwed Fittings, 125 LB—American National Standard45 Cast Iron Pipe Screwed Fittings, 250 LB—American National Standard46 Cast Iron Pipe Flanges and Fittings, 125 LB—American National Standard47 Cast Iron Pipe Flanges, Drilling for Bolts and Their Lengths, 125 LB—American National Standard48 Shaft Center Sizes49 Cast Iron Pipe Flanges and Fittings, 250 LB—American National Standard50 Cast Iron Pipe Flanges, Drilling for Bolts and Their Lengths, 250 LB—American National Standard51 Types of Scales52 Additional Geometric constructions

Overview

This full-color text offers a clear, complete introduction and detailed reference for creating 3D models and 2D documentation drawings. Building on its reputation as a trusted reference, this edition expands on the role that 3D CAD databases now play in design and documentation. Superbly integrated illustrations, text, step-by-step instructions, and navigation make it easier than ever to master key skills and knowledge. Throughout, the authors demonstrate 3D and 2D drawing skills and CAD usage in real-world work practice in today's leading disciplines. They combine strong technical detail, real-world examples, and current standards, materials, industries, and processes-all in a format that is efficient, colorful, and visual.

Features:

Splash Spread: Appealing chapter opener provides context and motivation.
References and Web Links: Useful weblinks and standards provided upfront in each chapter.
Understanding Section: Foundational introductions, tabbed for easy navigation, outline each topic's importance, use, visualization tips, and theory.
Detail Section: Detailed, well-tested explanations of drawing techniques, variations, and examples-organized into quick-read sections, numbered for easy reference.
CAD at Work Section: Breakout pages offer tips on generating drawings from 2D or 3D models.
Portfolio Section: Examples of finished drawings show how techniques are applied in the real world.
Key Words: Italicized on first reference, summarized after each chapter.
Chapter: Summaries and Review Questions: Efficiently reinforce learning.
Exercises: Outstanding problem sets with updated exercises, including parts, assembly drawings from CAD models, sketching problems, and orthographic projections.

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