5 Adversaries and Attribution
Only a small percentage of malicious activity originates from nation-state attackers. Despite this, these attackers do far more damage than most threats an organization will face. In fact, nation-states are responsible for some of the most damaging breaches in history, such as the attacks against Anthem, U.S. Office of Personnel Management, the World Anti-Doping Agency, Google, Sony Entertainment, and many more.1
Breaches cost victims millions of dollars. In 2019, the average cost of a data breach to private-sector companies was nearly $4 million, but some cost organizations far more.2 For example, the 2017 ...
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