4NETWORK NAMESPACES
Understanding container networking is the biggest challenge in building modern applications based on containerized microservices. First, networking is complicated even without introducing containers. Multiple levels of abstraction are involved just in sending a simple ping from one physical server to another. Second, containers introduce additional complexity because each has its own set of virtual network devices to make it look like a separate machine. Not only that, but a container orchestration framework like Kubernetes then adds another layer of complexity by adding an “overlay” network through which containers can communicate ...
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