RG

IN CONTEXT

FOCUS

Improving efficiency

KEY DATES

1882 Scottish shipbuilders William Denny and Brothers Ltd. becomes the first company to use a suggestion box to garner ideas from its work force.

1859 English naturalist Charles Darwin publishes On the Origin of the Species, and outlines his theory of evolution as a process of gradual changes.

1990 In “Re-engineering work: don’t automate, obliterate” in the Harvard Business Review, MIT professor Michael Hammer argues that to stay ahead, companies need to periodically redesign production methods.

1997 Japanese founder of the Kaizen Institute, Masaaki Imai, writes Gemba Kaizen, stressing that kaizen works ...

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