Chapter 14The Doctor

Automation does not simply supplant human activity but rather changes it, often in ways unintended and unanticipated by the designers.

—Automation experts Raja Parasuraman and Dietrich Manzey, 2010

Jenny Lucca, the pediatrics resident who was assigned Pablo Garcia’s case, had been a standout student in medical school and was thrilled to be accepted to UCSF’s residency program. After arriving in San Francisco, she took the required 10 hours of computer training, and the Epic system seemed easy enough—the fact that it was the same one she had used in medical school made the transition even smoother.

But the alerts were a constant nuisance. Even giving Tylenol to a feverish child every four hours triggered an alert that the ...

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