The Electrical Engineering Handbook

1

Computer Architecture

Morris Chang,     Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA

1.1. Microprogramming

1.2. Memory Hierarchy in Computer Systems

1.2.1. Random-Access Memory

1.2.2. Read-Only Memory

1.2.3. Serial-Access Memory

1.3. Bus and Interface

1.3.1. Bus Overview

1.3.2. Interfaces

1.4. Input/Output

1.4.1. Input Devices

1.4.2. Output Device

1.4.3. Input & Output Device

1.1 Microprogramming

In 1951, Maurice Wilkes suggested the notion of designing a three-level computer to simplify the hardware. Prior to his suggestion, computers used a two-level approach in which level 1 was for programming (also known as the instruction set architecture [ISA] level) and level 2 was for digital ...