The Electrical Engineering Handbook

INTRODUCTION TO ELECTROMAGNETICS

Hung-Yu David Yang,     Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA

Electromagnetics is fundamental in electrical and electronic engineering. Electromagnetic theory based on Maxwell’s equations establishes the basic principle of electrical and electronic circuits over the entire frequency spectrum from dc to optics. It is the basis of Kirchhoff’s current and voltage laws for low-frequency circuits and Snell’s law of reflection in optics. For low-frequency applications, the physics of electricity and magnetism are uncoupled. Coulomb’s law for electric field and potential and Ampere’s law for magnetic field govern the physical principles. Infrared ...