113 Muscles: Artificial
Artificial muscles, also known as muscle-like actuators, are materials or devices that mimic natural muscle and can change their stiffness and reversibly contract, expand, or rotate within one component due to an external stimulus (such as voltage, current, pressure, light, or temperature).
The major actuator technologies being developed that have potential include electrostrictive materials (ferroelectric polymers, liquid crystal elastomers, and dielectric elastomers), electrochemically activated materials (conducting polymer actuators, carbon nanotube actuators and ionically conductive polymer metal composites), and magnetically activated shape memory materials.
The main polymer artificial ...
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