12.5 NETWORK PROTOCOLS II: TCP/IP NETWORK ARCHITECTURE
While the ISO and the CCITT were haggling over the finer points of the perfect protocol stack, TCP/IP was rapidly spreading across the globe. By the sheer weight of its popularity in the academic and scientific communications communities, TCP/IP quietly became the de facto global data communication standard.
Although it didn’t start out that way, TCP/IP is now a lean and effective protocol stack. It has three layers that can be mapped to five of the seven layers in the OSI model. These layers are shown in Figure 12.4. Because the IP layer is loosely coupled with OSI’s Data Link and Physical layers, TCP/IP can be used with any type of network, even different types of networks within a single ...
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