The Funding of Biopharmaceutical Research and Development

List of figures and tables

Figures

1.1. Key biopharmaceutical funding stakeholders 2

1.2. Overall and pharmaceutical R&D expenditures for select countries 10

1.3. Healthcare and biopharmaceutical value chains 11

1.4. Pharmaceutical expenditures and percentage of healthcare expense 16

1.5. Firm competency, authorization process, and costs 21

1.6. Clinical trials by region and country registered with clinicaltrials.gov 22

1.7. Clinical trials registered with the World Health Organization 24

1.8. Conceptual rationing model 38

2.1. The industrial organization model 54

2.2. Relationship between a firm’s cost of capital and estimated return 70

3.1. Patent applications by country 2005–2009 90

3.2. S-curves in the biopharmaceutical market sector  ...