Certification has become a means to legitimize ecotourism and other forms of sustainable tourism throughout the world. After UNWTO declared 1992 the Year of Ecotourism, governments, the tourism industry and consumers around the world began to recognize ecotourism as a viable option for travel. While the idea of ecotourism seemed to be the answer to many of the problems stemming from mass tourism, this concept was often misunderstood and misrepresented. The Global Sustainable Tourism Council (GSTC), an international body under the umbrella of UNWTO, and The Tour Operators Initiative (TOI) were organized to further sustainable options, criteria, and best practices for the tourism sector.1 International organizations, governments, ...
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