5 Don’t Lick the Probe: How to Inject Faults
Chips and devices are engineered to have an extremely low fault probability when operating within their normal ranges. Running chips outside their normal operating ranges, however, eventually causes faults to occur. For this reason, their running environments are often controlled: the power lines on a printed circuit board (PCB) have decoupling capacitors to buffer voltage spikes or dips, clock circuits are restricted to specific ranges, and fans keep temperatures in check. If you happen to be in space, beyond the protection of Earth’s atmosphere, you need radiation shielding and other fault-resistant ...
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