IN CONTEXT
Military revolution
1044 The first surviving formula for gunpowder appears in a Chinese military compendium.
1346 Edward II uses cannons at the Battle of Crécy.
1439 Jean Bureau is made master gunner of the French artillery.
1445 Charles VII creates a French standing army.
1453 Constantinople falls to an Ottoman army employing heavy cannons.
1520s The Italian Wars demonstrate the effectiveness of infantry with firearms.
1529 Michaelangelo designs a star fort for Florence.
c.1540 Some German cavalry adopt wheel-lock pistols as their main armament.
In July 1453, John Talbot, Earl of Shrewsbury, marched out of Bordeaux with some 6,000 ...
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