The Invisible Cryptologists: African-Americans, WWII to 1956

Chapter 4. 1947: Changing Demographics

	From Stettin in the Baltic to Trieste in the Adriatic, an iron curtain has descended across the Continent. Behind that line lie all the capitals of the ancient states of Central and Eastern Europe.
	--Winston Churchill at Westminster College, Fulton, Missouri, 5 March 1946

The Soviet Union – the military intentions of its leaders, the success of its espionage efforts, the status of its advanced weapons and nuclear programs, and the globalization of its political ideology – dominated the American national psyche in the decades after WWII. The intelligence needs of the U.S. and its closest allies translated into manpower requirements which, in the late 1940s to mid- 1950s, were particularly acute at the GG-2/GG-3 ...